The Next Step in Pool Safety – AI Powered Drowning Detection Systems?
Conventional safety measures – pool covers, perimeter fences, and subsurface alarms – are essential for preventing unauthorized access when a pool is closed. But when a pool is open and in use, those measures cannot protect against drowning. For decades, supervision by lifeguards, swimming lessons, and parental vigilance have been the primary safeguards. Tragically, these alone are not always enough.
The National Drowning Prevention Alliance reports that 88% of child drownings occur when at least one adult is present. This highlights a major gap in protection during active swim time. Even experienced lifeguards can face fatigue, distraction, or limited visibility in crowded environments.
How Drowning Detection Systems Work
Drowning Detection Systems are designed to close this safety gap. Using underwater cameras, they continuously monitor pool activity and can be categorized as either passive or active:
- Passive systems stream live images to lifeguards, making it easier to spot swimmers in distress below the surface.
- Active systems use computer vision and artificial intelligence to identify potential drowning behavior – such as prolonged submersion – and automatically trigger an alert for immediate intervention.
Establishing Industry Standards
In 2024, the American Society for Testing and Materials introduced the first ever standard for these systems: ASTM F3698-24 – Standard Specification for Computer-Vision Drowning Detection Systems for Residential Swimming Pools.
This standard sets baseline performance requirements, including:
- Reliable alerts in low visibility conditions
- Detection and notification within 30 seconds of identifying drowning behavior
Expert Perspective
“This is an interesting use of Artificial Intelligence for added safety,” said Ralph Manglass, P.E., Senior Engineer at Criterium Engineers. “While very useful, drowning detection systems are not a substitute for access control measures such as fencing, gates, and trained monitoring personnel like lifeguards.”
At present, widespread adoption has been limited – largely due to cost and lack of awareness. However, with the ASTM standard now in place, more manufacturers are expected to develop these systems, which should increase accessibility and adoption over time. The goal is clear – more installations, fewer tragedies, and more lives saved.
Safety Beyond Technology
Technology should always complement – not replace – traditional safety practices. For community associations, annual site inspections remain a cornerstone of pool safety. Inspections help ensure that not only the pool structure but also its protective devices – fencing, gates, alarms, and more – remain in good working order.